In the early 2000s, the Middle East was not high on the list of Singapore’s priorities. Of late, however, a more purposeful engagement with the Gulf is evident. This paper adopts an approach grounded in foreign policy analysis to analyze the extent to which Singapore’s engagement with the Gulf is shaped by security-related developments in the latter. It draws largely upon qualitative analysis, interviews, and quantitative data from sources in Singapore. Section one provides the relevant theoretical overview according to which domestic sources, in this case Singapore’s strategic culture of “vulnerability,” frames the conduct of foreign policy. Section two examines Singapore-Gulf relations along three security-related pathways–public order, economic prosperity, and domestic energy mix–and the extent to which they are filtered by the city-state’s “vulnerability.” Section three concludes with some thoughts about the outlook for maintaining the momentum in relations between interlocutors on the fringes of Asia. © 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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Purpose: The governments of Indonesia and Singapore, in February 2017, ratified two agreements that delimitated two extensions, in easterly and westerly directions, of their 1973 Territorial Sea boundary in the Strait of Singapore. Two "gaps" exist that require the urgent attention of the three littoral States to delimit the territorial sea boundaries to close the gaps.

Design, Methodology, Approach: The narrative that follows discusses the issues and problems in defining the territorial sea limits in the Strait of Singapore.

Findings: The one in the western sector appears easier to delimit. The gap in the eastern sector may require more time to negotiate especially based on reports that the Government of Malaysia requested, in January 2017, the International Court of Justice to "revisit" the Award of May 23, 2008, in the light of findings of three "vital" documents.

Practical Implications: The determination of territorial sea boundary in particular in the vicinity of Pedra Branca must be considered a priority by the littoral States for many reasons not least for the safety of navigation and maritime security.

The "Singapore model" constitutes only the second explicit attempt by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to learn from a foreign country following Mao Zedong's pledge to contour "China's tomorrow" on the Soviet Union experience during the early 1950s. This paper critically evaluates policy transfers from Singapore to China in the post-Mao era. It re-examines how this Sino-Singaporean regulatory engagement came about historically following Deng Xiaoping's visit to Singapore in 1978, and offers a careful re-reading of the degree to which actual policy borrowing by China could transcend different state ideologies, abstract ideas and subjective attitudes. Particular focus is placed on the effects of CCP cadre training in Singaporean universities and policy mutation within two government-to-government projects, namely the Suzhou Industrial Park and the Tianjin Eco-City. The paper concludes that the "Singapore model," as applied in post-Mao China, casts institutional reforms as an open-ended process of policy experimentation and adaptation that is fraught with tension and resistance.

The emergence of China and India has profoundly influenced the policies of Southeast Asian countries. For a small country like Singapore, with a uniquely majority ethnic Chinese population in Southeast Asia, the process of engagement with China and India is historically entrenched and multifaceted. Historically, China and India constitute two major immigration streams into Singapore. Since the 1990s, with low total fertility rates, Singapore has viewed both China and India as sources for not only increasing its overall population to maintain its ethnic demographic profile, but also towards sustaining its economic growth. This article will examine the impact of large foreign manpower and migrant inflows from China and India into Singapore. It will argue that while the prevailing population shrinkage and manpower shortages in Singapore have been eased with migrants from China and India, at the same time they have created new socio-political fissures in Singapore's increasingly diverse population.