The following sections are included: Introduction; Crises and Elections in the Past; PAP’s Track Record; Results of Singapore’s 2020 General Elections; 2020 GE Results: A Warning for the PAP and an Opposition Success; Explaining the PAP’s Victory despite a Decline in Support from the 2015 GE; Problems and Challenges Confronted by the PAP that Affected its GE Results; Conclusion

https://www.logforum.net/pdf/17_2_8_21.pdf

Background: The COVID-19 changes our lifestyle and triggers the rapid development of online shopping resulting in massive use of plastic for packaging for each parcel. Hence, plastic waste management has become a worrying concern in some countries. This research proposes that the circular supply chain could be a way to reduce plastic waste with regards to the triple bottom line: economy, social, and environment. It applies the life-cycle assessment (LCA) and target sampling method. Methods: The data about plastic waste, including the production, consumption, and the end-of-life stage from target developed countries were collected and analyzed. By comparing practices applied in Germany and South Korea, this research investigates a framework for both the upstream and the downstream through the implementation of the 4R concept: reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery. Results and conclusions: This study provides new insights of the circular supply chain from the perspective of the government, producers, and consumers and call for more attention from the demand perspective (involving more efforts from authorities and consumers) of the plastic industry instead of only concentrating on the supply perspective.