“What is the nature of Chineseness, and who are the Chinese?”. The terms “Chinese,” “Chinese culture,” and “Chinese language” often refer to the culture and language of the Han Chinese—the ethnic group that forms the majority of the population in China, although there are some 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities in China.

Urban populations benefit greatly from the ecosystem services provided by urban green and blue spaces. While the equity of provision of and access to urban green and blue spaces has been widely explored, research on equity of ecosystem service provision is relatively scant. Using household level data, our study aims to assess the supply equity of five regulatory ecosystem services in Singapore. We employed linear mixed-effects models and Hot Spot Analysis to analyze their distributional equity across individual households of various demographic characteristics (horizontal inequality), and calculated Gini coefficient for the distribution of PM10 removal service among households categorised into demographic subgroups (vertical inequality). Our results show little evidence of inequitable ecosystem service provision among Singapore's diverse socio-demographic groups. This can be attributed to the early integration of environmental management strategies and meticulous socio-economic desegregation efforts into urban development plans, which maximised provision and maintenance of urban green spaces to all residents. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

In this article we examine the memories of bookstores revealed in entries made to the Singapore Memory Project. Two main themes appeared in these memories: the bookstore as a material place and the bookstore as part of wider life events. Our findings reveal that bookstores (1) have played roles in the life routines of many Singaporeans, (2) are theatres of materiality, and (3) are places where social interaction can take place. From this evidence we argue that the physical bookstore, albeit being dismissed as a dying breed, still does have a number of resources to draw on in its fight with online bookselling.