The peacock basses and Oriental river gobies were collected and deposited as voucher specimens in the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum at the National University of Singapore. Both species are known from both Upper Seletar Reservoir and Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Tan, 2010; Tan, 2013, 2014). The sighting of the spotted sailfin catfish represents a new record for the stream at Lorong Banir. The species has been recorded from Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Tan, 2010). Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus is distinguished from its two congeners in Singapore (Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus) in having the upper part of its dark brown body densely covered in pale brownish spots. The other two species are brown with blackish spots.

Once thought to be extinct in Singapore, the Oriental pied hornbill began to make its reappearance on Pulau Ubin since (at least) 1994. The species has presently spread throughout Singapore Island and is regarded as an uncommon resident (Lim, 2009: 67) that is ‘critically endangered’ (Lim et al., 2008: 266).

All three species of Abudefduf featured here are widely distributed in the Indo-west Pacific, and common in the East Indian region (Allen & Erdmann, 2012: 562-564), as well as in Singapore waters particularly on coral reefs (Khoo & Tay, 1990: 75 - Abudefduf sexfasciatus as Abudefduf coelestinus, Abudefduf vaigiensis as Abudefduf saxatilis; Lim & Low, 1998: 124). A fourth species, the blackspot sergeant (Abudefduf sordidus) has been recorded from Singapore waters at the Sisters Islands, but appears to be relatively uncommon there (Tan, 2014: 333). It is distinguished from its congeners in having a black saddle blotch over the upper caudal peduncle. According to information compiled on Fishbase (2017) and Allen (1991: 20, 25, 27, 188-189), the three featured species have overlapping habitat and nutritional requirements. Abudefduf bengalensis occurs singly or in small groups in inshore and lagoon coral reefs at depths of 1-6 m. It feeds on algae, gastropods and small crabs, and is highly territorial. Abudefduf sexfasciatus inhabits inshore and offshore coral or rocky reefs, and also in shallow reef flats or crests, at depths of 1-20 m, usually where tall soft coral or hydroid colonies are present. It often forms groups at midwater, aggregating high in the water column to feed on zooplankton and algae. Abudefduf vaigiensis inhabits the upper edge of outer reef slopes and inshore rocky reefs at depths of 1-15 m. Although tending to be bentho-pelagic, feeding on benthic algae and small invertebrates, it often forms aggregations in midwater to feed on zooplankton

Over 50% of known termites feed directly on soil (Braumann, 2000), while a smaller proportion feed on dead wood. An even smaller minority among the wood feeders consume heartwood. Termites digest food by a combination of enzymes produced by the insect as well as symbiotic microorganisms in different segments of termites (Bignell, 2000; Brune & Ohkuma, 2011). The termite digestive mechanism for each particular food type requires unique enzymes and microorganisms that have co-evolved with each species, which in turn does not allow termites to easily switch between food sources. The presence of termites in failed trees has led to the belief that the termites are the cause of tree failure. This belief stems from the lack of understanding of termite diversity, biology, documentation of termites in trees and the causes of the tree failures in which termites are found. A closer inspection may show that most of the termites are feeding on dead wood, decaying organic matter, bark and lichens, and not the heart wood.They mostly appear after mechanical damage, or damage caused by fungal pathogens. None of the three species of termite documented here contributed directly to the failure of the tree.

In Singapore, the three-striped palm civet seems to be confined to the forest of the Central Nature Reserves. It is rarely seen, and is regarded as a ‘critically endangered’ species (Lim et al., 2008: 200)

In Singapore, the largely arboreal and omnivorous three-striped palm civet appears to be confined to the Bukit Timah and Central Catchment Nature Reserves (Baker & Lim, 2012: 152). One was reported from the Nee Soon swamp-forest in January 2014 (D’Rozario & Yeo, 2014). The present records suggest that this species is drawn to figging trees.

Opinions and declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature