https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RBZ-2020-0094.pdf

Two new deep-water batfishes from the Pacific are described. Malthopsis arrietty, new species, from the Philippines, is diagnosed by its extremely short rostrum (2.0‒5.7% SL) directed upward rather than forward; large eye (13.7‒17.4% SL); narrow interorbital space; few scattered bucklers on body with interspaces largely naked on dorsal surface; ventral surface with few flat bucklers, mostly restricted to around pelvic-fin base, almost naked elsewhere. Malthopsis velutina, new species, from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, is diagnosed by its body covered with small indistinct bucklers, with numerous prickles on interspaces forming a velvet-like skin; short blunt and upward-directed rostral spine (3.2‒5.5% SL); subopercular buckler small, with distinct spines on its tip; large eye (12.9‒15.3% SL); narrow interorbital space (4.8‒6.1% SL); and black patches on dorsal surface

Two new earthworm species of the genus Polypheretima Michaelsen, 1934, are described from Song Thanh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam Province, in the southern region of central Vietnam. Both new species belong to the bifaria species-group, which are characterised by holandry and having simple male pores and intersegmental spermathecal pores. Polypheretima medialis, new species, is distinguished by having two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7/8/9, and genital markings ventrally paired in viii–ix and xvii–xix; while P. tabhinhensis is distinguished by having three pairs of spermathecal pores in 6/7/8/9, rectangular genital markings which are raised on the body wall, and paired in ix–x and the male region. An identification key to the Vietnamese species of Polypheretima is also provided.

Two new earthworm species of the genus Polypheretima Michaelsen, 1934, are described from Song Thanh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam Province, in the southern region of central Vietnam. Both new species belong to the bifaria species-group, which are characterised by holandry and having simple male pores and intersegmental spermathecal pores. Polypheretimamedialis, new species, is distinguished by having two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7/8/9, and genital markings ventrally paired in viii–ix and xvii–xix; while P. tabhinhensis is distinguished by having three pairs of spermathecal pores in 6/7/8/9, rectangular genital markings which are raised on the body wall, and paired in ix–x and the male region. An identification key to the Vietnamese species of Polypheretimais also provided.

Orthotheres Sakai, 1969, was recently restricted to three species from the western Pacific, noting that other species assigned to this genus from the Americas, Philippines and Palau belonged to other genera. Studies of the non-Orthotheres material confirm that the species from the Americas should be placed in a new genus, Mesotheres, characterised by the structure of the carapace, eyes, third maxilliped and ambulatory legs. Mesotheresincludes Pinnotheres barbatus Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867, Pinnotheres serrei Rathbun, 1909, Pinnotheres strombi Rathbun, 1905, and Fabia unguifalcula Glassell, 1936. Three species from the western Pacific, Pinnotheres glaber Bürger, 1895, Pinnotheres laevis Bürger, 1895, and Pinnotheres longipes Bürger, 1895, are referred to a new genus, Tacitotheres, and can be distinguished by carapace form, as well as structure of the third maxilliped and ambulatory legs.