The eastern grass owl Tyto longimembris was first detected in Thailand in July 2006 at Nong Lom, a grassland in open peat swamp located in the south part of Nong Bong Khai Non-hunting Area, Chiang Rai. Here, it is considered to be a rare resident. At this site, we studied the diet of eastern grass owl by analysing regurgitated pellets collected at their nests during the breeding season from December 2010 to February 2011. We collected 67 pellets from five nests and identified 33 mammal skulls. To identify prey species, DNA was extracted from skulls and was analysed based on molecular techniques.

A new cyclophorid species of the genus Pearsonia possessing a sub-discoidal shell with a sutural tube was discovered from a dolomitic limestone hill in Lamphun Province, northern Thailand. This discovery also represents the first record of the genus in Thailand. Pearsonia lamphunensis, new species, differs from the related congeners by the zig-zag brown stripes that are present on both dorsal and ventral sides of the shell.

This study presents the first record of Lychnorhiza malayensis Stiasny, 1920, in Malaysian waters since its first discovery in the Java Sea of Indonesia nearly a century ago. Better representation of the species was achieved by the collection of more specimens than previous studies. Thirteen specimens were collected from the midwestern and northeastern coasts of Peninsular Malaysia and their morphology was examined in detail. Morphological descriptions of L. malayensis from outside Malaysia and our collection in Malaysia were compared, reviewed and updated. All Lychnorhiza species were also compared and differences highlighted. Lychnorhizamalayensis can be distinguished from its congeners primarily by the presence of subumbrellar papillae, higher counts of the centripetal canal which tends to anastomose, and the distinctive colour patterns and markings of the umbrella. Intraspecific variations were observed among specimens in terms of different papillae and centripetal canal forms, inter-rhopaliar canals that extend beyond or terminating at the circular canal, various colour patterns and markings, the number of velar lappets and size (length and width) of oral arms that were also different from previous descriptions. The morphological redescription of this species will facilitate the identification of this bloom-forming species and contribute to the inventories of marine biological resources in Malaysia.

Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus) is recorded from Singapore for the first time based on three specimens collected along the eastern coast of the Singapore Island. A previous record of Babylonia lutosa (Lamarck) could not be confirmed, and is considered to be erroneous. Three have thus far been recorded from the seafood trade in Singapore: Babylonia borneensis (G.B. Sowerby II), Babylonia lutosa (Lamarck), and Babylonia zeylanica (Bruguière). Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus) is not known from the seafood trade in Singapore.

Canarium erythrinum is very widely distributed from the Red Sea and East Africa to southern Japan, and to Micronesia and Melanesia (Abbott, 1960). Singapore is well within the known distribution range of this species, but its presence there has not been previously documented (e.g., Way & Purchon, 1981; Sanpanich & Tan, 2016). This species is regarded to be uncommon throughout most of its range (Abbott, 1960).

The rare clariid catfish genus Encheloclarias is recorded for the first time from the peat swamp habitat in Brunei Darussalam, representing its northernmost record on the island of Borneo. Upon detailed examination, the Brunei species is keyed out to E. baculum. Using fresh material from Brunei and Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), the taxonomic status of E. prolatus is reviewed, and is herein synonymised with E. baculum, as first reviser’s action. An updated key for all Encheloclarias species is provided, and ecological notes on the Brunei material discussed.

The shells could only be positively identified after much of the encrustations were removed (see accompanying picture). This appears to be the first record of Coralliophila fearnleyi in Singapore. It has not been documented from Singapore in past studies (e.g., Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Woo, 2010; Sanpanich & Tan, 2016). It is the second species of the genus to be recorded in Singapore after Coralliophila rubrococcinea was reported by Wong (2008). Coralliophila fearnleyi was first described (as Latiaxis fearnleyi) based on specimens obtained from Queensland, Australia (Emerson & D'Attilio, 1965). It is widely distributed throughout the central part of the Indo-West Pacific, or Indo-Malayan, region, and has been reported from Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia (Kosuge & Suzuki, 1985; Dharma, 2005; Thach, 2005). Members of the genus have been linked to retardation in coral growth, and there is substantial evidence to indicate that Coralliophila fearnleyi preys on hard corals (Matsushima et al., 2008).

The first field observations of mating and breeding in the Malayan horned frog, Megophrys nasuta in Singapore are recorded at the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. This species exhibits inguinal amplexus during mating, while oviposition results in large white gelatinous eggs (approximately 2 mm in diameter) that are laid attached to one another.

This species was only recently described from material collected from around the South China Sea, with the distributional range having its limits (in the north, south, east and west, respectively) demarcated by China (Quanzhou, Fujian), the island of Bangka (Indonesia), the Gulf of Thailand, and Santubong (Sarawak, Borneo) (see Kool, 2003; Zhang, 2013). The record reported upon herein extends the distribution of this species to Singapore, which is almost exactly due west of Santubong on the western edge of the South China Sea. It appears to be rather uncommon or rare in Singapore, and this species has not been recorded from any other localities. Additional studies will be required to ascertain its local distribution and abundance. Nassarius biendongensis is herein reported as a new record for Singapore. Although the shells figured were collected more than a decade ago, the specimens have remained unidentified until relevant references became available recently. A similar-looking species, Nassarius sinusigerus, has been recorded from Singapore (Cernohorsky, 1984; Tan & Woo, 2010), but whether that record was based on misidentification of this species remains unconfirmed. Nassarius sinusigerus differs from Nassarius biendongensis by its squatter shape, a narrower aperture, presence of shoulder knobs incised by subsutural groove, and a rather flat protoconch